Tharmalingam Gunasekar, Jaya Priya Dhanasekar, Anakira, N., Osama Ogilat, & Sheimat, A. (2026). Variable-Order Fractional Differential Equations: Existence, Stability, and Application to 3D Noise Evolution. Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing, 16(1), 641–659. https://doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-4095